Tuhinga Whakataunga o te UCMJ
"(A) He mahi, me te tino hiahia ki te mahi i tetahi hara i raro i tenei pene, ka nui noa atu i te mahi whakatikatika me te tiaki, ahakoa he kore, ki te whakatutuki i tana komiti, he ngana ki te whakatau i taua hara.
(b) Ko tetahi tangata e whai take ana ki tenei pene kei te whakamatau i te mahi i tetahi hara e utua ana e tenei pene ka whiua kia rite ki ta te kaiwhakawa-whakawa te tohutohu, mehemea kaore i tuhia.
(c) Ko tetahi tangata e whai take ana ki tenei pene kei te whakawakia mo te ngana ki te mahi i tetahi hara ahakoa ka puta i runga i te whakamatautau ka tukuna te hara. "
Ngā āhuatanga
(1) Ko te mea i whakawakia he mahi nui rawa atu;
(2) Ko te mahi i mahia ki te hiahia motuhake ki te mahi i tetahi hara i raro i te waehere;
(3) Ko te mahi ka nui noa atu i te taka noa; a
(4) Ko te ahua o te mahi i kaha ki te whakatutuki i te tono o te hara e hiahiatia ana.
Whakamārama
(1) I te nuinga . Hei waahi hei whakamatautau me whai he kaupapa motuhake ki te whakaeke i te hara e haere tahi ana me te mahi he nui e aro tonu ana ki te whakatutuki i te kaupapa kore.
(2) Atu i te whakarite . Ko te faaineineraa ko te whakamahere me te whakarite i nga tikanga me nga waahanga e tika ana mo te mahi i te hara. Ko te mahi kaore e hiahiatia ana i tua atu i nga mahi whakatikatika, he kaupapa tika hoki ki te mahi i te hara. Hei tauira, ko te hoko o nga hoapaki me te hiahia ki te tahu i te otaota kaore i te ngana ki te hamani i te ahi, engari ko te ngana ki te tuku i te ahi ki te whakamahi i te whakaeke ahi ki te tipu, ahakoa kaore he ahi.
Ehara i te mea ko te mahi whakamutunga e tika ana mo te whakaoti i te hara. Hei tauira, ka taea e te tangata whakapae te mahi i tetahi mahi nui, a ka whakatau kaore e uru atu ki te hara-kore. Engari, kaore ano i whakaaetia he whakataunga, mo te whakakotahi o te hiahia motuhake ki te mahi i te hara, me te whakatau i tetahi mahi e tika ana ki te whakatutuki i taua mahi, ko te hara o te ngana.
Ko te kore e taea te whakaoti i te hara, ahakoa ko te take, ehara i te mea hei whakamarumaru.
(3) Kaore e taea te mahi . Ko te tangata e whai whakaaro ana ki te whakahaere i te mea ka hara te hara ki te mea ko te hunga e noho ana i tera wa, ko te tangata i whakapono ki a ia he hara i te whakamatautau. Hei tauira, ki te A, kaore he whaainga, he whaainga ranei, me te hiahia ki te patu B, ka tohu i te pu ki B ka toia te take, ka hara a A ki te kohuru, ahakoa, kaore i mohiotia ki a A, he kino te pu, e kore e wera . Waihoki, ko te tangata e uru ana ki roto ki te putea o tetahi atu me te hiahia ki te tahae i te putea o taua tangata he hara ki te whakapau kaha, ahakoa ka ngaro te pouaka.
(4) Whakakore i te tuku . He painga tenei ki tetahi mahi whakamatautau ka tukuna rawatia e te tangata te hara mo te hara, na te mea ko te whakaaro o te tangata he mea he, i mua i te otinga o te hara. Kaore e whakaaetia te whakarerenga ki te whakaheke i te tuku ki te whakarereke, i te katoa, i tetahi waahanga ranei, mai i etahi atu take, hei tauira, i wehi te tangata i te kitenga, i te awangawanga ranei, i whakatau ki te tatari i te waahi pai ake mo te angitu, kaore i taea te whakaoti i te hara, te whakatutuki ranei nga raruraru kore i whakaarohia, te awangawanga kore ranei.
Ko te tangata e whai mana ana ki te whakapae i te whakarereke ki a ia, kaore he hara mo te iti rawa atu, ko te hara kua oti. Hei tauira, ko te tangata i whakarere i tana hiahia ki te ngana i te tahae pahua, kaore ia e whai hara ki te patu i tetahi patu kino.
(5) Whakakore . Ko te whakapae i tetahi atu ki te mahi i tetahi hara ehara i te mea he ngana. Tirohia te parakarapa 6 mo te korerorero mo te tuhinga 82, te tono.
(6) Nga whakataunga kaua i raro i te Whakaritenga 80 . Ahakoa ko te nuinga o nga whakataunga e kiihia ana i raro i te Whakaritenga 80, ko nga waahanga e whai ake nei ka tino korerohia e tetahi atu tuhinga, a me kii atu kia utua:
(a) Tuhinga 85 -whitinga
(b) Te tuhinga 94 - te whakawakanga me te riri.
(c) Ko te tuhinga 100-kaore i raro
(d) Te tuhinga 104 - te whakakore i te hoariri
(e) Rarangi 106a- ngahuru
(f) Tuhinga 128- whakaeke
(7) Ture .
Ko te ngana ki te mahi i te mahi e takahi ana i tetahi tikanga ture whaimana ranei i raro i te Wahanga 92 ( tirohia te parakalaka 16 ) me whakawakia i raro i te Whakaritenga 80. Kaore e tika ana i enei keehi hei whakamatautau i te tangata i whakapaaetia ki te takahi i te ture, i te ture ranei, engari me whakamatau i te mea i kiihia ki te whakapae i te whakahaere i whakaaetia.
d. Ko te iti ake ko nga hara . Mena kei te whakawakia te tangata i whakapaua i raro i te Rarangi 80, a he iti iho te hara o te tangata i whakawakia, ko te hara o te whakamatautau ki te tuku i te iti rawa o te tangata he mahi he he iti rawa te hara ki te utu o te ngana. Hei tauira, mehemea i whakawakia te tangata i whakapaua ki a ia, ko te hara o te whakamatautau i te whaeke he he iti rawa te whakauru, ahakoa ko te mea e rite ana ki te whainga nui, he takahi i te tuhinga 80.
e. Ko te whiu nui . Ko tetahi tangata e taka ana ki te waehere ka kitea he herenga i raro i te Pukapuka 80 hei whakaoti i tetahi hara e whiua ana e te waehere ka tukuna ki te whiu mo te whiu nui mo te tukunga o te hara, engari ko te mate mate anake. kia whakawakia, kaore ano hoki he whakaritenga whakatikatika whiu mo te whiu; a kaore he take, i tua atu i te whakamatau ki te kohuru, ka whakawakia kia neke atu i te 20 tau.
Next Tuhinga > Tuhinga 81 - Ngaherehere
Kei runga ake i nga korero mai i te Pukapuka mo te Whakatau Kooti, 2002, Pene 4, Parawae 4